The growth of APHRC from a small program of the Population Council in 1995 to its present stature as an autonomous international research organization is best captured by the activities of the Center’s data unit. Over the years, the Center has remained true to its mission of promoting the well-being of Africans through policy-relevant research in urbanization and well-being, population, health and education. By APHRC
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Clark, S. C. Kabiru, R. Mathur (2010). “Relationship Transitions Among Youth in Urban Kenya,” Journal of Marriage and Family, 72 (1), 73-88 By Clark, S. C. Kabiru, R. Mathur

Faye, O. (2010). “Basic Pensions and Poverty Reduction in sub-Saharan Africa” The WDA-HSG Discussion Paper Series on Demographic Issues, 2010/2 By Faye, O.

Basic Pensions and Poverty Reduction in sub-Saharan Africa By Faye, O
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Relationship Transitions Among Youth in Urban Kenya By Clark, S. C. Kabiru, R. Mathur
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Paper No: - By APHRC

Oketch M., M. Mutisya, M. Ngware, A. Ezeh (2009)."Why are there proportionately more poor pupils enrolled in non-state schools in Urban Kenya in spite of free primary education policy?" Journal of Education Development, Vol. 30, pp.23-32. By Oketch M., M. Mutisya, M. Ngware, A. Ezeh

Ngware, M., M. Oketch, A. Ezeh, N. Mudege (2009) "Do Household Characteristics Matter in Schooling Decisions in Urban Kenya?", Equal Opportunities International,28(7):591-608. By Ngware, M.; M. Oketch; A. Ezeh; N. Mudege ;

Ye, Y., M. Mutisya, J. Emina, E. Zulu, C. Kyobutungi. (2009). "Seasonal pattern of pneumonia morality among under-five children of Nairobi informal Settlement", American Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, 81(5):770-5 By Ye, Y., M. Mutisya, J. Emina, E. Zulu, C. Kyobutungi. (2009).

Yé Y., M. Hoshen, C. Kyobutungi, V.R.Louis, R.Sauerborn. (2009) "Local scale prediction of Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission in an endemic region using temperature and rainfal". Global Health Action, 11; 2 By Yé Y;M. Hoshen; C. Kyobutungi;V.R.Louis;R.Sauerborn;

Local scale prediction of Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission in an endemic region using temperature and rainfall By Yé Y., M. Hoshen, C. Kyobutungi, V.R.Louis, R.Sauerborn.
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The African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC) is a non-profit, non-governmental, international organization that is committed to conducting policy-relevant research on population, health, education and development in sub-Saharan Africa. The Center also facilitates the use of research evidence in policy and practice in addition to strengthening the research capacity of African scholars and institutions to enhance skills in generating credible scientific evidence. By APHRC
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Stall in fertility decline in Eastern African countries: regional analysis of patterns, determinants and implications By Ezeh, Alex C., B. U. Mberu, J. O. Emina
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Men, women and abortion in Central Kenya: A study of lay narratives By Izugbara, C.O., K. Otsola, A. Ezeh
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Assessing the effect of Mother’s Migration on childhood mortality in the informal settlements of Nairobi By Konseiga, A., E. Zulu, P. Bocquier, K. Muindi, D. Beguy, Y. Yé
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Why are there proportionately more poor pupils enrolled in non-state schools in Urban Kenya in spite of free primary education policy? By Oketch M., M. Mutisya, M. Ngware, A. Ezeh
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Correlates of Condom Use among Male High School Students in Nairobi, Kenya By Kabiru, C. W., Orpinas, P.
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If you start thinking positively, you won't miss sex': narratives of sexual (in)activity among people living with HIV in Nairobi's informal settlements' By Undie, Chi-Chi, A. K. Ziraba, N. Madise, J. Kebaso, E. Kimani-Murage
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Factors Associated with Sexual Activity among High School Students in Nairobi, Kenya By Kabiru, C. W., Orpinas, P.
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Male Youth and Voluntary Counseling and HIV-Testing: The Case of Uganda and Malawi By Izugbara, C., C. Undie, N. Mudege, A. Ezeh
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Principal’s and student’s perceptions on parental contribution to financial management in secondary schools in Kenya By Koross, P.K, M.W. Ngware, A.K. Sang
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Fever treatment in the absence of malaria transmission in an urban informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya By Ye Y., N. Madise, R. Ndugwa, S. Ochola, R.W. Snow
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Decision-Making Patterns and Contraceptive Use: Evidence from Uganda By DeRose, L.F., A. Ezeh
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Socioeconomic Differentials Between HIV Caregivers and Noncaregivers: Is There a Selection Effect? A Case of Older People Living in Nairobi City Slums By Chepng’eno-Langat, G., J. Falkingham, N. Madise, M. Evandrou
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Urban poor Kenyan women and places of delivery By Izugbara, C.O., C. W. Kabiru, E. Zulu
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Maternal health in resource-poor urban settings: how does women's autonomy influence the utilization of obstetric care services? By Fotso, J.C., A. Ezeh, H. Essendi
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Inconsistencies in self-reporting of sexual activity among the young people in Nairobihttp://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X%2809%2900123-2/abstract Beguy, D., C.W. Kabiru, E. N. Nderu, M. Ngware By Beguy, D., C.W. Kabiru, E. N. Nderu, M. Ngware
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HIV/AIDS and the health of older people in the slums of Nairobi, Kenya: Results from across sectional survey By Kyobutungi, C., A. Ezeh, E. Zulu, J. Falkingham
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Maternal mortality in the informal settlements of Nairobi city: what do we know? By Ziraba, A.K., N. Madise, S. Mills, C. Kyobutungi, A. Ezeh
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Stomach cancer mortality in two large cohorts of migrants from the Former Soviet Union to Israel and Germany: are there implications for prevention? By Ronellenfitsch U., C. Kyobutungi, J.J. Ott, A. Paltiel, O. Razum, M. Schwarzbach, V. Winkler, H. Becher
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The state of emergency obstetric care services in Nairobi informal settlements and environs: Results from a Maternity Health Facility Survey By Ziraba, A. K., S. Mills, N. Madise, T. Saliku, J. C. Fotso
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The impact of female employment on fertility in Dakar (Senegal) and Lomé (Togo) By Beguy, D.
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The persistence and challenges of homebirths: Perspectives of Traditional Birth Attendants in urban Kenya By Izugbara, C.O., A. C. Ezeh, J.C. Fotso
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Gender, aging, poverty and health: Survival strategies of old men and women in Nairobi slums By Mudege, N. N., A. Ezeh
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Union and separation: love stories are never simple. In: Eva Lelièvre & Philippe Antoine (Eds) Fuzzy states and complex trajectories: observation, modelization and interpretation of life histories By Antoine Ph., A. Adjamagbo, F. Amétépé, D. Beguy, F.B. Dial, M. Ferrand, C. Tichit
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Transition into adulthood across generations of men and women in Lomé (Togo) Beguy, D   By Beguy, D

Diarrhoea, acute respiratory infection, and fever among children in the Democratic Republic of Congo By Kandala, N.B.; J. B. Emina; P.D.K. Nzita; F. P. Cappuccio
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Do Household Characteristics Matter in Schooling Decisions in Urban Kenya? By Ngware, M., M. Oketch, A. Ezeh, N. Mudege
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Seasonal pattern of pneumonia morality among under-five children of Nairobi informal Settlement < By Ye, Y., M. Mutisya, J. Emina, E. Zulu, C. Kyobutungi
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Do Household Characteristics Matter in Schooling Decisions in Urban Kenya? Ngware, M., M. Oketch, A. Ezeh, N. Mudege By Ngware, M., M. Oketch, A. Ezeh, N. Mudege
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Paper No:35 - Progress towards universal primary education by 2015 is monitored by primary school enrolment rates, survival rates to grade 5 and youth literacy rates. For the period 2000-2004, official statistics show Nairobi’s primary school gross and net enrolment rates as being much lower than any other province in Kenya. Nairobi’s informal settlements (slums) are estimated to be home to over 50% of the city’s population and are largely served by low cost private, community and non-formal schools managed by individual entrepreneurs, communities and non-governmental organizations. This paper examines Nairobi’s slum and non-slum primary school enrolment rates and their under-reporting in government statistics. The study was conducted in two slum settlements (Korogocho and Viwandani) as well as in two non-slum sites (Jericho and Harambee) in Nairobi. A total of 13,882 children aged 5-19 years were identified in 2005 regardless of whether or not they were in school in the four geographically-defined study sites. The study used retrospective schooling history data for six years (2000-2005) collected within the longitudinal framework of the Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System (www.aphrc.org/Research/DSS.html). Data were collected on a range of issues in modular form using five questionnaires, each addressing a specific theme. For children aged 5, 6,7, 8, and 9 years in 2005, only data for one (2005), two (2005 and 2004), three (2005-2003), four (2005-2002) and five (2005-2001) years were collected starting in 2005, respectively. For those aged 10 to 19 years, data for six years (2000-2005) were collected. We use these data to calculate the gross and net enrolment rates as well as the Gender Parity Index (GPI) and rate of underreporting of these enrolment rates in government statistics for the four sites in 2005. The results show high gross enrolment ratios of 100.7% and 106.8% for the slum and non-slum sites, respectively, for 2005. The net enrolment ratio is equally high at 83.3% and 94.5% for the slum and non-slum areas for the same year. These are however under-reported in government statistics by up to 23.3% for all the four sites. At an average of 1.08 for the period 2000-2005, the GPI values in the slums are in favor of girls while the opposite is true for the non-slum sites at an average GPI value of 0.93 in favor of boys. This evidence shows that Nairobi’s enrolment rates are quite high, contrary to official statistics which show these as much lower compared to the rest of the country. We largely attribute these low enrolment rates to under-reporting. By Epari, C., A. Ezeh, F. Mugisha, R. Ogollah
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Paper No:36 - In the year 2003, the Kenyan government launched a Free primary Education policy, which propelled a notable increase in the country’s primary school enrolment rates. The country’s capital city of Nairobi, however, lagged behind most of the nation, with an enrolment rate of 62%, compared to a 104% gross enrolment rate country-wide. Connections have been made between Nairobi’s poor enrolment rates and the high proportion of children living in the city’s informal settlements or slums. In this paper, therefore, we use a community case-study approach to examine the experiences of one informal settlement in Nairobi following the implementation of the free primary education policy. Drawing on audio-taped, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with a range of community members and school personnel, and longitudinal and demographic data, the paper thickly describes the aftermath of free primary education in this urban poor context, and the reasons behind the local popularity of cost-incurring, “informal” schools in the slums of Nairobi among a low-income population, despite the introduction of free primary education. Slum-based “informal” primary schools emerge as an under explored site of creativity in which parents, eachers, and administrators attempt to bridge implementation gaps between educational policy and local realities among the urban poor in Nairobi, Kenya. The paper employs anemic perspective for understanding the dynamics of formal school enrolment among the urban poor, and for exploring informal schools as a potential space of empowerment for slum residents. By Undie C., F. Mugisha, C. Epari, A. Ezeh
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Paper No:37 - Using a cross sectional data set collected by the Education Research Project (ERP) of the African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), this paper examines household characteristics and schooling decisions in terms of enrolment and type of school in an urban setting in Nairobi, Kenya. ERP is nested in a demographic surveillance system (DSS) and is intended to assess the impact of Free Primary Education policy on access and schooling outcomes in Nairobi’s informal and formal settlements. Analysis shows that different household and individual attributes motivate different decisions. A considerable proportion (40%) of children from the poorest quintile attends non-public schools compared to 34% from the richest quintile. The findings reveal that better-off households are benefiting from free primary education while the poorest households are not. The predicted probability of a decision to attend a public school for a primary school-age child increases as the household wealth increases, but decreases if the household head is older. Overall, this paper concludes that poorer households are not benefiting from free primary education and may be excluded from free public schools. Instead, they are sending their children to low quality fee-paying informal schools. The benefits of free primary education have therefore not reached the poorest of the poor in Kenya’s informal urban settings. This may be explained by lack of availability of public schools places and the perceived low quality of education in public school as manifested in large class sizes. By Ngware, M., M. Oketch, A. Ezeh
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Paper No:38 - This paper aims to examine pupil school mobility in urban Kenya. In doing so, it provides an analysis of parents’ demand for sending their children to private schools in informal settlements (slum housing) in Nairobi as well as the location characteristics that motivate schooling supply decisions in slum areas. Using APHRC household survey data which contain information on pupil transfers between schools, the paper aims to identify which informal school characteristics attract the greatest demand for incoming transfers. The analysis reveals that there are more frequent transfers between schools in the informal settlements than there are in the formal settlements. The former is attributable to parents searching for a better school for their child. Fewer pupils move from one school to another in the non-slum settlements. For most parents, children are transferred with the intention of finding a better quality school and/or in order to find a free or cheaper school. Quality schools are associated with good discipline and better teacher performance. Policy wise, it appears that the government has a dilemma to deal with: Either it recognizes the informal private schools which serve nearly half of the pupils in the slums, risking endorsing a ‘second-class’ education due to poor structures in the slums, or it provides more schools in the slums that are publicly funded and has to face the considerable difficulties of where to construct them. By Oketch, M., M. Mutisya, M. Ngware, A. C. Ezeh, C. Epari
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Paper No:39 - This paper examines the quality of primary school inputs in urban settlements in Kenya in relation to the country’s set benchmarks of education quality indicators. Data from a school survey that involved 83 primary schools collected in 2005 was used. The data set contains information on school quality characteristics of various types of schools i.e. government-owned schools, private-owned (schools) by individuals, religious groups, NGOs and communities in Nairobi. Based on national quality benchmarks, the quality of education provided in government schools was shown to be ‘better’ with regard to infrastructure, teacher qualifications and text book provision than that provided in all the nongovernment owned schools. However, non-government schools have smaller class sizes (22) and lower pupil-teacher ratio (27). The bad news is that government schools have large class sizes (50) and higher pupil teacher ratio (47) hence low levels of teacher-pupil interaction. Nongovernment schools had poor classroom structures and a higher pupil textbook ratio, particularly private individually owned schools (5) and community-owned schools (3.8). It also emerges that while in the government schools, student learning space is constrained by the class size, the student learning space in non government schools is constrained by the classroom size. Meeting quality benchmarks in schooling therefore remains a challenge among urban populations. A public-private partnership targeting urban school quality improvement is one way of mobilizing resources for improving quality of education. By Ngware, M., M. Oketch, A. Ezeh
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Paper No:40 - One of the conundrums of free primary education policy in several countries in Sub-Saharan Africa is the ‘mushrooming’ of fee-paying private schools. Several researchers have become interested in studying this phenomenon and have raised the question - does free primary education meet the needs of the poor? Emerging voices among this group of researchers suggest that the impact of FPE, particularly in meeting the educational needs of the poor, may be over-stated in situations where the poor still utilize what is referred to as ‘private schools for the poor’. The concerns expressed by those voicing this point of view point to the question of why the poor choose fee-paying low quality private schools when there is, presumably a free state school? To respond to this question and to contribute to this debate, this paper adapts the excess demand and differentiated demand frameworks to analyze how slum (poor) and non-slum (non-poor) parents utilize education in Nairobi, Kenya following the implementation of free primary education in 2003. We conclude that the answer to the ‘mushrooming’ of private schools for the poor is ‘excess demand’. As to whether free primary education meets the needs of the poor, we argue that where supply does not match demand, excess demand is likely to arise in the initial stages. We recommend that what is required is greater and possibly differentiated and better targeted investment in education whereby unequals are treated unequally in order for the Kenyan government not to under-invest in the education of the poor. By Oketch, M., M. Mutisya, M. Ngware, A. C. Ezeh
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Paper No:41 - This paper contributes new evidence on factors associated with low achievement among pupils in urban informal neighborhoods in Nairobi, Kenya. We use three different data sets to examine the effect of residence in particular neighborhoods, pupil gender, primary school type and household socio-economic status on pupil achievement in the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE) examination results for 2005 and 2006. Our results suggest that residence in the informal neighborhoods of Korogocho and Viwandani, enrolment in a public school and one’s gender if female, are the strongest explanatory variables for low achievement. Policy implications from our results are discussed. By Epari, C., M. Mutisya, A. Ezeh, M. Oketch, M. Ngware

Paper No: - Journal of Urban Health By Docquier, F., O. Faye, P. Pestieau
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Paper No: - Population Health Metrics By Kyobutungi, C., A Ziraba, A.C. Ezeh, Y. Yé
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Paper No: - Journal of Urban Health By Fotso, J.C., A. Ezeh, R. Oronje
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Paper No: - Maternal and Child Health Journal By Fotso, J.C., A. Ezeh, N. Madise, A. Ziraba, R. Ogollah
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Paper No: - Reproductive Health Matters, 16(31): 159-167 By Izugbara, C., C. Undie
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Paper No: - Journal of Sex Research,45:3,262 — 276 By Izugbara C.O.
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Paper No: - APHRC News is published on a quarterly basis. The newsletter shares information about the activities, experiences and findings of APHRC's research programs with stakeholders around the world. By APHRC
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Paper No: - APHRC News is published on a quarterly basis. The newsletter shares information about the activities, experiences and findings of APHRC's research programs with stakeholders around the world. By APHRC
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Paper No: - APHRC News is published on a quarterly basis. The newsletter shares information about the activities, experiences and findings of APHRC's research programs with stakeholders around the world. By APHRC

Paper No: - By APHRC
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Paper No: - Anthropology Matters Journal, 9(1) By Undie, C.
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Paper No: - Health & Place 13: 205-223 By Fotso, J. C.
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Paper No: - Social Science & Medicine, 64(5): 1019-1031 By Dodoo, F. N., E. M. Zulu, A. C. Ezeh
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Paper No: - Journal of African Economies, 16(2): 198-233 By Konseiga, A.
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Paper No: - The Lancet, 369(9559): 354-355 (Feb 3, 2007) By Potts, M. and J.C. Fotso
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Paper No: - Science, 315 (5818): 1501-1502 By Campbell, M., J. Cleland, A. Ezeh and N. Prata
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Paper No: - In Pranee Liamputtong (ed.) Reproduction, Childbearing and Motherhood, New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc., Chapter 9. By Izugbara, C. O. and J. K. Ukwayi
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Paper No: - Malaria Journal, 2007, 6:71 By Ye, Y., E. Kimani-Murage, J. Kebaso, F. Mugisha
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Paper No: - Sexuality Research & Social Policy, 2007, 4(2): 74-87. By Izugbara, C. O.
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Paper No: - Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 101(4): 297-303 By Ye, Y., C. Traore, P. Meissner, B. Coulibally, H. Becher and C. Muller
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Paper No: - Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 101(5): 1-15 By Ye, Y., R. Saurborn, S. Seraphine and M. Hoshen
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Paper No: - Research Letter, Journal of Tropical Paediatrics, May 3, 2007 By Ye, Y., C. Kyobutungi, and R. Sauerborn
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Paper No: - BMC Public Health 2007, 7:101. By Ye, Y., V. R. Louis and S. Seraphine, R. Saurborn
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Paper No: - The African Symposium 7(1), 71-80 By Epari, E., Gravenir, F., Mse, G., and Mugisha, F.
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Paper No: - Journal of Urban Health, June 06, 2007 (e-pub ahead of print – DOI: 10.1007/s11524-007-9199-x) By Kimani-Murage, E. W. and A. M. Ngindu
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Paper No: - Youth & Society, August 9, 2007 By Izugbara, C.O.
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Paper No: - American Journal of Public Health, 97 (7):1233-1240 By Stephenson, R., A. Baschieri, S. Clements, M. Hennick, N. Madise
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Paper No: - Journal of Marriage and Family,69 (May 2007): 513-527 By Mberu. B. U
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Paper No: - Tropical Medicine and International Health, vol. 12, suppl. 1, pp.1-24. By Madise, N.
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Paper No: - American Journal of Men’s Health., 2 (2) 77-89 By Izugbara, C.O.
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Paper No: - African Journal of Reproductive Health 11(3), 221-235 By Undie C., J. Crichton, E. Zulu
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Paper No: - African Journal of Reproductive Health 11(3), 150-167 By Munthali A. C., E. M. Zulu
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Paper No: - African Journal of Reproductive Health 11(3), 111-132 By Kabiru C. W., A. Ezeh
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Paper No: - African Journal of Reproductive Health 11(3), 81-98 By Madise N., E. Zulu, J. Ciera
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Paper No: - African Journal of Reproductive Health 11(3):44-61 By Moore A. M., A.E. Biddlecom, E.M. Zulu
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Paper No: - Education Policy Analysis Archives, 15(24) By Ngware, M.W., E. N. Onsomu, D. I. Muthaka
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Paper No: - Deutcshes Arzteblatt 107(33):1655-61 By Becher H., O. Razum, C. Kyobutungi, J. Laki, J.J. Ott, U. Ronellenfitsch, V. Winkler
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Paper No: - African Journal of Reproductive Health 11(3):28-43 By Bankole A., A.E. Biddlecom, G. Guiella, S. Singh, E. Zulu
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Paper No: - African Studies Review 50 (3): 29-49 By Izugbara C.O.
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Paper No: - APHRC News is published on a quarterly basis. The newsletter shares information about the activities, experiences and findings of APHRC's research programs with stakeholders around the world. By APHRC
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Paper No: - APHRC News is published on a quarterly basis. The newsletter shares information about the activities, experiences and findings of APHRC's research programs with stakeholders around the world. By APHRC
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Paper No: - APHRC News is published on a quarterly basis. The newsletter shares information about the activities, experiences and findings of APHRC's research programs with stakeholders around the world. By APHRC
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Paper No: - By APHRC
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Paper No:Working Paper 32 - This paper examines levels and trends of urban-rural differentials in child malnutrition, and investigates whether residual differences exist between urban and rural areas, given comparable measures of socioeconomic status of households and communities. Using data from Demographic and Health Surveys of 15 sub-Saharan African countries, and multilevel modeling, the study shows that urban-rural differentials: (i) are considerable in all countries, (ii) have narrowed in most countries due primarily to an increase in urban malnutrition, and (iii) have widened in few countries as a result of sharp decline in urban malnutrition. However, when socioeconomic status is controlled, these urban-rural gaps disappear in almost all countries. These results suggest that policies and programs contributing to the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals should pay particular attention to the urban poor. By Fotso, J.C.
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Paper No:Working Paper 33 - For long now, the urban child has been considered to be more likely than his/her rural counterpart in being able to realize the dream of fully participating in school. This observation has mainly been attributed to what is commonly known as the “urban advantage”. This “urban advantage” is associated with increased access to facilities such as schools in urban areas. Recent work documenting population health in urban and rural areas has however begun to suggest that some sections of the urban population do not benefit from the “urban advantage”. For example, a child in the slums of Nairobi is more likely to suffer from diarrhea than a child in rural Kenya. In addition, a child from the richest household in the slums is more likely to suffer from diarrhea than a child from the poorest family in rural Kenya. This paper explores patterns of school enrollment comparing urban slum, urban non-slum and rural children. The paper uses data from the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS) for 1993, 1998 and 2003. A contrast with school enrollment in Nairobi slums is done using the KDHS-type Nairobi Cross-sectional Slum Survey for 2000. Data from focus group discussions collected in the slums of Nairobi in 1999 provides the context for discussion. The results suggest that school enrollment is higher in urban non-slum than in urban slum, and is higher in slums than in rural areas at younger ages. However, this is only true up to age nine for females and 11 for males, there after, school enrollment for slum children declines and the rate of decline is faster than among their rural counterparts. The corresponding ages at which the enrollment among the rural children begins to visibly decline are thirteen years for males and fourteen years for females. Factors contributing to these results point to the poor quality of primary schools in slums, limited access to secondary schools for slum children, increased vulnerability to coercion into sexual activity and other ills that hinder school participation, disabling environment at home, and increased child labor. By Mugisha, F.
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Paper No: - American Journal of Public Health, vol. 96 (1): 84-93 By Stephenson, R., A. Bascheiri, S. Clements, M. Hennink, and N. Madise
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Paper No: - International Journal for Equity in Health 5(9): 1-10 By Fotso, J.C.
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Paper No: - Social Science and Medicine 62(5): 1138-1152. By Kandala, N. B., M. Magadi and N. Madise
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Paper No: - Malaria Journal 2006, 5:63 By Kimani, E., J. Vulule, I. Kuria and F. Mugisha
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Paper No: - International Journal of Educational Development, 26(2006) 471-482. By Mugisha, F.
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Paper No: - International Family Planning Perspectives [Digest], Volume 32(1): 52-53. By Stephenson, R., A. Bascheiri, S. Clements, M. Hennink, and N. Madise
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Paper No: - Wagadu: A Journal of Transnational Women’s and Gender Studies, 3 By Undie, C., J. John-Langba, and E. Kimani
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Paper No: - The Lancet, vol. 367: 2043-2045 By Crichton, J. C. Nyamu-Musembi, J. John-Langba and S. Theobald
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